The Celts

This is a short slideshow showing images of all aspects of Celtic life.  It might help before you start the questions.

1. Name four ways we know about the Celts today?

2. What is Celtic art called?  Describe it?

3. Name in order the different levels of Celtic society.

4. Describe a ringfort.

5.  Name three defensive features of a crannóg.   

6. Describe how the Celts cooked their food.

7. What kind of weapons did the Celts use?

8. What was a Celtic standing stone called?

9. What was a Celtic priest called?

10. What type of crops were grown by the Celts?

Explorations

The BBC history website is very interesting and very useful girls. There's a link at the bottom of the page or click here www.bbc.co.uk/history. It might look a bit heavy but the home page often has the history behind current events. At the moment for example there's a link to the history of royal weddings. The history for children part is also very useful and even though it may look a bit babyish it has nearly everything you need on most topics for your Junior Cert. Have fun exploring :)

The Tomb of Newgrange - Ancient Ireland

A nice short video on Newgrange and the solstice here girls. It links with work we did on passage tombs. That was quite a while ago so this might help with a bit of revision.

Agricultural and Industrial Revolution

   1. Give two factors that made the Agricultural Revolution     possible.  

2. Mention two consequences of Enclosure.

3. Mention two effects of the Agricultural Revolution on Britain.

4. Write down one major improvement in agriculture associated with one of the following.     Jethro Tull        Lord Charles Townshend            Robert Bakewell

5. Mention two disadvantages of the Open Field System.

6. Give two reasons why the population of Britain increased so greatly during the first half of the nineteenth century.

7. Mention two effects of the Transport Revolution on Britain.

8. Explain how one of the following persons improved life for people in the nineteenth century.   Robert Owen           Louis Pasteur                      John McAdam

9. Name one important invention associated with each of the following.

James Hargreaves        James Watt         Abraham Darby              Richard Arkwright

10. Give two reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain

11. Why was coal so important to the Industrial Revolution?

12. Name two effects the new inventions in the cotton and woollen industry.

 

13. What was a Turnpike Trust?

14. In 1825 the first goods train ran between what towns?

15. Write an account of one of the following: Improvements in transport during the Industrial Revolution; The impact of steam power during the Industrial Revolution.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

The Reformations

1. Name one religious reformer from outside Germany and one of his beliefs.

2. Give the consequences of the Reformation for Ireland.

3. Give two reasons why many people thought that the Catholic Church was in need of reform around 1500.

4. During the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, what was the Inquisition?

5. Give two consequences of the Reformation in Europe during the period 1517-1648.

6. Mention two decisions by the Council of Trent. (1545-1563)

SOURCE  This is a picture of Martin Luther burning a Papal Bull in Wittenberg, Dec 10th 1520.

(i) What was a Papal Bull?

(ii) Why is Luther burning this Papal Bull?

(iii) What happened to Luther as a result of this action?

SOURCE

Excerpts from Martin Luther’s 95 Theses. October 31, 1517.

36. Any truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty

and guilt, even without indulgence letters.

47. Christians are to be taught that the buying of indulgences is a matter

of free choice, not commanded.

49. Christians are to be taught that papal indulgences are useful only if

they do not put their trust in them, but very harmful if they lose their fear

of God because of them.

53. They are the enemies of Christ and the pope who forbid altogether the

preaching of the Word of God in some churches in order that indulgences may

be preached in others.

54. Injury is done to the Word of God when, in the same sermon, an equal or

larger amount of time is devoted to indulgences than to the Word.

62. The true treasure of the church is the most holy gospel of the glory and

grace of God.

Source: Internet Medieval Sourcebook. www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.htm

Study the excerpts from the 95 Theses and answer the following questions:

(i) To what does a truly repentant Christian have a right?

(ii) What is the true treasure of the Church?

(iii) From the theses shown above, is Luther totally against the sale of indulgences?

Explain your answer.

(iv) Why do you think that the Pope became alarmed by the theses?

Give two reasons for your answer

C. “The Reformation changed the face of Europe”

Write about one of the following topics:

(i) The impact of the Reformation on Ireland.

(ii) Religious wars in Europe.

(iii) The Counter-Reformation.

1. List five causes of the Reformation.

2. Name four abuses of the Catholic Church and explain two.

3. Explain one way in which the Renaissance influenced the spread of the Reformation.

4. What did Luther think was the only way to get to heaven?

5. What prompted Luther to write his Ninety-Five Theses?

6. Give two arguments that were in Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses.

7. Give a short account of how the Pope responded to Luther’s ideas.

8. Charles V called a diet of German princes. What was the diet called? Who gave Luther sanctuary? What did Luther do while in Wartburg?

9. What was the name of the document the Lutheran princes presented to Charles V that outlined their beliefs?­­­­­­

10. Why did Henry VIII break away from Rome? Give a short account.

11. What was the name of the act that made Henry the head of the Church in England?

12. Why did Henry close the monasteries in England?

13. What was the main change in religion that Henry introduced?

14. Which of Henry’s daughters established the Church of England?

15. Name the three important elements in the Counter Reformation and give a detailed account of one of them.

Ancient Ireland

Mesolithic Period

1. What is another name for the Middle Stone Age?

2. Where did the Middle Stone Age people live?

3. How did archaeologists know there was settlement at Mount Sandel? (two ways)

4. The Middle Stone Age people moved from place to place.  They were called _____.

5. The Middle Stone Age people got their food by ________.

6. They cooked their food on ______.

7. What tool did they use to fish?

8. What material did they use to make their clothes?

9. They used ______ to clean the material for making the clothes.

10. The houses were made of _______.

The Neolithic Period

1. First farmers came to Ireland in ______.

2. Name an example of a Neolithic site.

3. Name two farming tools used by Neolithic people.

4. What was pottery used for?

5. What were big stone tombs called?

6. Name and describe three types of these tombs.

7. What were the great stones moved on?

8. What is the word for the roof on the tomb in Newgrange, Co. Meath?

9. Name the stone that is put on top of a portal dolmen.

The Bronze Age

1. How was bronze made?

2. Give three reasons why bronze was better than stone.

3. Name how bronze age people cook their food.

4. Name three types of jewellery made in the bronze age.

5. What was jewellery made of?

6. Name and describe two types of burial.

Celtic and Early Christian Ireland

1. Where did the Celts come from?

2. What is the name of the Age that the Celts were in Ireland?

3. Name two ways we know about the Celts.

4. Name four types of Celtic settlements.

5. What is the name given to underground passages out of settlements?

6. What were the houses made of?

7. What type of settlement can be seen at Craggaunown, Co. Clare.

8. What would a Promontory Fort have been used for?

9. Name in order the levels of Celtic society.

10. What tool replaced the saddle stone for grinding wheat?

11. What was the name for the meat that the bravest warrior was entitled to at a feast?

12. What metal was used for Celtic weapons and tools?

13. What is the name for the style of Celtic art?

14. What did Celts do with their dead?

15. What is the word for the belongings that Celts buried with their dead?

16. An upright stone with writing on one side is called an ______.

1. Name three ways Christianity came to Ireland.

2. Name two sources we have on St. Patrick’s life.

3. What big change did Christianity bring to Ireland?

4. Why did monks found monasteries?

5. Finish the sentence: These places became centres of ______ and ______.

6. Name four types of work done in the monasteries.

7. What did monks wear?

8. Name three monastic settlements.

9. What was another name for the church in a monastery?

10. Where did the monks eat?

11. Where did they copy manuscripts?

12. Where did they go in times of danger?

13. How many prayer services did the monks have each day?

14. Name three Early Christian manuscripts.

15. Name two materials they are written on.

16. Name two metal objects monks made.

17. Name three things the objects were decorated with.

18. What was carved on stone crosses?

19. Name two monasteries founded by Irish monks abroad.